Episode Description:
SGLT2 inhibitors target the Sodium-Glucose cotransporter 2 in the proximal renal tubules, responsible for about 90% of glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. By inhibiting this transporter, these drugs reduce glucose reabsorption, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine, thereby lowering blood glucose levels.
Primarily indicated for managing blood glucose levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients, SGLT2 inhibitors promote glucosuria, reducing hyperglycemia effectively without relying on insulin secretion. This makes them suitable for use at various stages of diabetes.
Beyond glycemic control, SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated significant cardiovascular benefits. Clinical trials show that these drugs can reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and stroke in high-risk T2DM patients.
These drugs also offer nephroprotective effects, slowing the progression of diabetic nephropathy by reducing intraglomerular pressure and improving tubuloglomerular feedback, thus decreasing kidney stress.
However, SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with specific side effects, including genitourinary infections due to increased glucose concentration in the urinary tract, promoting bacterial and fungal growth. Rare but serious side effects include diabetic ketoacidosis and an increased risk of lower limb amputations, necessitating careful patient selection and monitoring.
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Renes Care Radio is a podcast designed for nephrology professionals, offering in-depth scientific explorations of key topics. It equips kidney care providers with the essential knowledge needed for advanced patient care.
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