Inside the Kidneys: Anatomy Tour – Assessment Test 1 1. Which organ is the central and primary part of the urinary system? Urethra Bladder Kidneys Ureters None 2. What connects the kidneys to the bladder? Renal artery Urethra Ureters Renal vein None 3. What structure in the kidney collects urine from the nephrons? Medulla Pelvis Cortex Hilum None 4. What does the renal capsule do? Filters blood Provides structural integrity Protects and encloses the kidney Stores urine None 5. What is the function of the afferent arteriole? Carry blood out of the glomerulus Supply blood to the nephron Collect filtered urine Support kidney structure None 6. What region of the nephron is involved in concentrating urine by water reabsorption? Cortex Loop of Henle Bowman’s capsule Distal convoluted tube None 7. Where do ureters enter the bladder? At the hilum Perpendicularly At an angle Through the urethra None 8. What type of waste does the glomerulus filter? Urea Large proteins Glucose Platelets None 9. Which structure prevents excessive kidney movement? Renal fascia Perirenal fat Renal capsule Ureter None 10. What is the role of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) in the collecting duct? Filter blood Concentrate urine by water reabsorption Secrete potassium Regulate electrolyte balance None 11. What is the function of the renal pelvis? Store urine Funnel urine into the ureters Filter blood Reabsorb water None 12. Which organ signals when it is full, triggering the urge to urinate? Ureters Urethra Kidneys Bladder None 13. Which of the following is a characteristic of the renal capsule? Flexible for urine collection Cushions the kidney Encloses the kidney as a protective layer Prevents excessive kidney movement None 14. What type of filtration occurs in the glomerulus? Size- and charge-selective filtration Osmotic filtration Hormonal filtration Temperature-based filtration None 15. What is the diameter of a typical afferent arteriole? 1-5 micrometers 10-15 micrometers 20-30 micrometers 50-100 micrometers None 16. What role does the loop of Henle's ascending limb play? Reabsorbs water Collects urine Filters waste Reabsorbs sodium and chloride None 17. What structure serves as the kidney's entry/exit point for vessels and nerves? Cortex Medulla Hilum Pelvis None 18. Which hormone acts on the collecting duct to regulate water reabsorption? ADH Aldosterone Calcitonin Parathyroid hormone None 19. What does the perirenal fat layer do? Prevent backflow of urine Support blood filtration Cushion and insulate the kidney Assist in blood pressure regulation None 20. Which waste product is a byproduct of protein metabolism? Glucose Sodium Creatinine Urea None Time’s up This assessment test is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please always consult with a healthcare provider for medical guidance.
